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A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology system that is designed to provide physicians and other health professionals with clinical decision support (CDS), that is, assistance with clinical decision-making tasks. A working definition has been proposed by Robert Hayward of the Centre for Health Evidence: "Clinical Decision Support systems link health observations with health knowledge to influence health choices by clinicians for improved health care". CDSSs constitute a major topic in artificial intelligence in medicine. ==Effectiveness== The evidence of the effectiveness of CDSS is mixed. A 2014 systematic review did not find a benefit in terms of risk of death when the CDSS was combined with the electronic health record.〔 There may be some benefits, however, in terms of other outcomes. A 2005 systematic review concluded that CDSSs improved practitioner performance in 64% of the studies. The CDSSs improved patient outcomes in 13% of the studies. Sustainable CDSSs features associated with improved practitioner performance include the following: * automatic electronic prompts rather than requiring user activation of the system Both the number and the methodological quality of studies of CDSSs increased from 1973 through 2004. Another 2005 systematic review found... ''"Decision support systems significantly improved clinical practice in 68% of trials."'' The CDSS features associated with success include the following: * the CDSS is integrated into the clinical workflow rather than as a separate log-in or screen. * the CDSS is electronic rather than paper-based templates. * the CDSS provides decision support at the time and location of care rather than prior to or after the patient encounter. * the CDSS provides (active voice) recommendations for care, not just assessments. However, other systematic reviews are less optimistic about the effects of CDS, with one from 2011 stating ''"There is a large gap between the postulated and empirically demonstrated benefits of (and other ) eHealth technologies ... their cost-effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated"''. A 5 year evaluation of the effectiveness of a CDSS in implementing rational treatment of bacterial infections published in 2014; according to the authors it was the first long term study of a CDSS.〔Nachtigall I, Tafelski S, Deja M, et al. BMJ Open. 2014; 4(12): e005370. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/12/e005370.full〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clinical decision support system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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